West Indies Federation

West Indies Federation
West Indies Federation
1958–1962
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: "To dwell together in unity"
	Anthem: "A Song for Federation" (proposed) Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"
Status	Federation of British colonies
Capital	Chaguaramas (de jure); Port of Spain (de facto);
Common languages	English; Patois; English Creoles; Spanish; French; Caribbean Hindustani; Chinese; Arabic; Antillean French Creole; Tamil; Portuguese; Indigenous languages;
Demonym(s)	West Indian
Government	Federal parliamentary; constitutional monarchy
Queen
• 1958–1962	Elizabeth II
Governor-General
• 1958–1962	Lord Hailes
Prime Minister
• 1958–1962	Grantley Herbert Adams
Legislature	Federal Parliament
• Upper Chamber	Senate
• Lower Chamber	House of Representatives
Historical era	Cold War
• Established	3 January 1958
• Disestablished	31 May 1962
Currency	BWI dollar (XBWD)
Calling code	+1 (809)
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	British West Indies; including:
	Colony of Barbados
	Colony of Jamaica
	Colony of Trinidad and Tobago
	British Leeward Islands
	British Windward Islands
CARIFTA; including:
Antigua
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Dominica
Grenada
Jamaica
Montserrat
St Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Saint Lucia
St Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands

The West Indies Federation,^[1]^[2] also known as the West Indies,^[3]^[4] the Federation of the West Indies^[5] or the West Indian Federation,^[6]^[7]^[8] was a short-lived political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962. Various islands in the Caribbean that were part of the British Empire, including Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica, and those on the Leeward and Windward Islands, came together to form the Federation, with its capital in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The expressed intention of the Federation was to create a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state^[9] — possibly similar to Canada, the Federation of Australia, or the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts over how it would be governed or function viably. The formation of a West Indian Federation was encouraged by the United Kingdom, but also requested by West Indian nationalists.^[10]

The territories that would have become part of the Federation eventually became the nine contemporary sovereign states of Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago; with Anguilla, Montserrat, the Cayman Islands, and the Turks and Caicos Islands becoming British overseas territories. British Guiana and British Honduras held observer status within the West Indies Federation.

^ "The West Indies Shipping Corporation Act" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-16. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
^ Archibald, Charles H. (1962). "The Failure of the West Indies Federation". The World Today. 18 (6): 233–242. JSTOR 40393409. Archived from the original on 2023-04-16. Retrieved 2023-04-12 – via JSTOR.
^ "UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
^ "West Indies (Federation) Order in Council 1957" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-26. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
^ States, United (April 12, 1961). "United States Defense Areas in the Federation of the West Indies: Agreement, with Annexes, Between the United States of America and the Federation of the West Indies Signed at Port of Spain February 10, 1961 with Memorandum of Understanding. Agreed Minute, and Related Exchange of Notes Between the British Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies and the Representative of the United States of America". U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
^ "Jamaica's Brexit: Remembering the West Indian Federation". Archived from the original on 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
^ Oostindie, Gert; Klinkers, Inge (April 12, 2003). Decolonising the Caribbean: Dutch Policies in a Comparative Perspective. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5356-654-1 – via Google Books.
^ Era Bell Thompson, "Black Leaders of the West Indies", Ebony, October 1967.
^ Ayearst, Morley; Lowenthal, David (June 1961). "The West Indies Federation: Perspectives on a New Nation". Political Science Quarterly. 76 (2): 291. doi:10.2307/2146224. JSTOR 2146224. Archived from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
^ Nelson, Renee A. (4 July 2020). "The West Indian Press and Public: Concepts of Regionalism and Federation, 1944–1946". Journal of Caribbean History. 54 (1): 82–105. doi:10.1353/jch.2020.0000. ISSN 0799-5946. S2CID 226463649.

[1] "The West Indies Shipping Corporation Act" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-16. Retrieved 2017-06-30.

[2] Archibald, Charles H. (1962). "The Failure of the West Indies Federation". The World Today. 18 (6): 233–242. JSTOR 40393409. Archived from the original on 2023-04-16. Retrieved 2023-04-12 – via JSTOR.

[3] "UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-04-12.

[4] "West Indies (Federation) Order in Council 1957" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-26. Retrieved 2017-06-30.

[5] States, United (April 12, 1961). "United States Defense Areas in the Federation of the West Indies: Agreement, with Annexes, Between the United States of America and the Federation of the West Indies Signed at Port of Spain February 10, 1961 with Memorandum of Understanding. Agreed Minute, and Related Exchange of Notes Between the British Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies and the Representative of the United States of America". U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.

[6] "Jamaica's Brexit: Remembering the West Indian Federation". Archived from the original on 2018-04-03. Retrieved 2017-06-30.

[7] Oostindie, Gert; Klinkers, Inge (April 12, 2003). Decolonising the Caribbean: Dutch Policies in a Comparative Perspective. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5356-654-1 – via Google Books.

[8] Era Bell Thompson, "Black Leaders of the West Indies", Ebony, October 1967.

[9] Ayearst, Morley; Lowenthal, David (June 1961). "The West Indies Federation: Perspectives on a New Nation". Political Science Quarterly. 76 (2): 291. doi:10.2307/2146224. JSTOR 2146224. Archived from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2021-02-21.

[10] Nelson, Renee A. (4 July 2020). "The West Indian Press and Public: Concepts of Regionalism and Federation, 1944–1946". Journal of Caribbean History. 54 (1): 82–105. doi:10.1353/jch.2020.0000. ISSN 0799-5946. S2CID 226463649.

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